Depression, anxiety, stress and demographic determinants of. Nathan edwards, andrew saadyhabib, deborah ilufoye, joyce cheng, sarah lynch, khoa nguyen, and danil hammoudi. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 for each statement below, please circle the number in the column that best represents how you have been feeling in the last week. The university of new south wales in australia developed a questionnaire to measure all three of them using one questionnaire, known as dass. The dass21 has 21 items if you are under time pressure. Depression anxiety stress scale rehabmeasures database.
Depression anxiety stress scales dass integrated health care. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. However, the scales may not be modified or sold for profit. The validity and reliability of psychometric profile for. Depression, anxiety and stress scales blue mountain associates.
The dass21 scores are multiplied by two so that you can. The depression anxiety stress scales dass is a valid and reliable tool used to assess for the presence of depression, anxiety, or stress symptoms what. Dass, the depression anxiety stress scales, is made up of 42 selfreport items to be completed over five to ten minutes, each reflecting a negative emotional symptom. Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety stress scale 42 dass. Depression anxiety stress scales dass information sheet. The depression anxiety stress scale dass 3 has been shown to be a valid and reliable measure of the dimensions of depression, anxiety, and stress separately but also taps into a more general dimension of psychological distress 314.
Depression anxiety and stress scale dass 42 healthfocus. The prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety in medical. Participants were 300 university students who were enrolled in midsize state university, in turkey. Each of these is rated on a fourpoint likert scale of frequency or severity of the participants experiences over the last week with the intention of emphasising states over traits.
Short version of the depression anxiety stress scale21. Detecting anxiety disorder and depression in employees absent from work because of mental health problems. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The dass questionnaire is p blic domain, and so permission is not needed to use it. Several models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The dass questionnaire forms may be downloaded and copied without restriction. The depression, anxiety, and stress scales with 21 items. Dec 11, 20 the dass is a 21 or 42item measure designed to assess the fundamental symptoms of depression, anxiety and tension stress. Add up the number in the first column of the office use only. It was originally developed to provide a selfreport measure of anxiety and depression that covers the full range of core symptoms of both affective states while providing maximum discrimination between the two scales. The depression, anxiety, and stress scale 21 dass21 is a frequently used measure of emotional disturbance symptoms in parkinsons disease pd.
Jan 03, 2018 the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 pdf is a standardised assessment tool for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms that can help you develop a treatment plan and assess symptom severity or treatment progress. The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, selfdeprecation, lack of interest involvement, anhedonia and inertia. The dass is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states. Depression anxiety stress scales instruments catalog. The prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety in medical students.
Depression, anxiety and stress scale in patients with. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between internet addiction and depression, anxiety, and stress. The principal value of the dass in a clinical setting is to clarify the locus of emotional disturbance, as part of the broader task of clinical assessment. To use the scoring template below print on to a plastic overhead. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21 at ease. To obtain the final 11item standard stress scale sss, 35 questions regarding stressful life situations, social stress, daily distress, anxieties about the future.
Be it educated, professional, students or those living in marginalized existence, for almost all, it is an. The dass is a 42item selfreport instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension stress. The short version of the depression anxiety stress scales. The depression anxiety and stress scale, or dass21, is a 21 question assessment that was developed to measure the degree of depression, anxiety and stress in an individual. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads,35 and the utrechtcopinglistucl. Its popularity is partly attributable to the fact uk. Statement did not apply to me at all applied to me to some degree or some of the time applied to me a considerable degree or a good part of the time applied to me very.
Sep 27, 20 the study was proposed to evaluate comorbid depression, anxiety and stress associated with tinnitus patients. The depression anxiety stress scale dass is a 42item selfreport measure of anxiety, depression and stress developed by lovibond and lovibond 1995 which is increasingly used in diverse settings. Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales book. Rasch model analysis of the depression, anxiety and stress. Eventually, the malay version of it was developed by ramli 2007 with permission obtained. Record circled number on the line provided in the office use only columns next to the responses.
The dass is a 42item self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of. The depression anxiety stress scale dass request pdf. It is a self report instrument designed to measure 3 relatively negative states of depression, anxiety and stress of an individual. Dass items reliably grouped in to depression, anxiety and stress subscale and have high reliability and validity.
Depression anxiety and stress scale dass 42 the dass42 is a 42 item selfreport scale designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Depression anxiety stress scales dass information sheet description. A guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21 by fernando gomez consultant clinical psychologist introduction the dass 21 is a 21 item self report questionnaire designed to measure the severity of a range of symptoms common to both depression and anxiety. Aug 25, 2014 for more information and solution on panic attack, headache, anxiety, depression, social anxiety, stress, stress management please do visit category education. Everyone experiences anxiety, depression and stress at one time or another. The dass42 consists of 42 symptoms divided into three subscales of 14 items. The nature of depression, anxiety and stress references appendix. Depression anxiety stress scale 21 assessment overview assessment area icf domain. The anxiety scale assesses autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective experience of anxious affect. Each of the three dass21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content.
The twofactor model with condensation of the constructs anxiety and stress in a single factor was the most acceptable for the adolescent population. Please read each statement and indicate how much the statement applied to you over the past week. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety. The dass is a client selfreporting tool designed to measure the severity of the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Anxiety can be more commonly recognised as angst or worry about something, although often the subject is not actually aware what that stressor is, and just generally feels a sense. The dass assesses negative emotional symptoms by using a 4point likert scale, ranging from 0 to 3. The short version of the depression anxiety stress scale21 showed excellent values of reliability, and strong internal consistency. The short version of the depression anxiety stress scale 21 showed excellent values of reliability, and strong internal consistency. The stress scale items are 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18, 22, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35, 39. The anxiety scale items are 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, 36, 40, 41.
About anxiety anxiety is a common occurrence in todays society and often this is a reaction to a stressor e. We assessed the latent structure of the 21item version of the scale in samples of 425 and 285 children and adolescents on two occasions. A guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21. This study explored the factor structure of the short form of the depression anxiety stress scales dass21. Anxiety and stress scales dass21 in order to determine whether it is able.
D pression anxiety stress as bass the dass is a 42item self ort instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depressio, anxiety and tensionstress. In this study, the online cognition scale and the depression anxiety stress scale were used. This diagnostic test provides the researchers with a scale for each factor being measured stress, depression, and anxiety. With permission from peter lovibond, the scales developer, we added two items to assess suicidality. A scale combining the anxiety and stress items showed satisfactory fit to the rasch model after removal of three items. An overview of the depression anxiety stress scale dass. This measure proposes that physical anxiety fear symptomatology and mental stress nervous tension and nervous energy factorout as two distinct domains. Dass depression and anxiety stress scale scoring s stress q1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18 a anxiety q2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20 d depression q3, 5, 10, 16, 17, 21 1. It has 3 subscales depression, anxiety, and stress. Depression, anxiety, and stress are all negative feelings. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass developed by lovibond and lovibond, 1995 is one of most widely used scale in clinical and nonclinical population in across the globe including india. The depression scale items are 3, 5, 10, 16, 17, 21, 24, 26, 31, 34, 37, 38, 42. This study examined the factor structure and testretest invariance, and temporal stability and uniqueness of the latent factors depression, anxiety, and stress of the depression anxiety stress scales21 dass21.
Mar 09, 2018 this is because collectivist cultures perception of depression, stress and anxiety is somewhat different. Every student will tell that education starts and is accompanied with the stress, depression, and anxiety. The results provide support for the measurement properties, internal consistency reliability, and unidimensionality of three slightly modified dass21 scales, across two different administration methods. Comparison of the dass with other scales section 4.
Depression, anxiety and stress disorders among medical. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. It includes seven 7 questions for each and the scores are calculated by adding up the scores for each item in the section. The depression anxiety stress scale 21 items dass21 lovibond and lovibond, 1995 was used in the current study as a quantitative measure of psychological distress along three axes of common. Citeseerx internet addiction and depression, anxiety and stress. Depression, anxiety, stress 7 items each summary the depression anxiety stress scale21 dass21 is a screening tool for identifying, differentiating and assessing depression, anxiety, and stress. Accordingly, the resulting three scales consisting of 14 items each were named the depression anxiety stress scales dass.
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